This can be caused by a physiological problem such as the tongue blocking the airway or the neck being in bad positioning. It can be caused by an object inhaled such as food. It can also be caused by an allergic reaction that makes the throat or tubes of the lungs close up. This can also be caused by a penetrating trauma.

This happens when there is not enough blood in the arteries or veins. This makes it so that the blood can't get the oxygen and nutrients to the body. The patient has a cold sweaty paled skin, a weak rapid pulse, irregular breathing, dry mouth, the black parts of the eyes are bigger than usual, urine out put is less than usual. Shock can be caused by bleeding, dehydration, burns, vomiting, diarrhea or the heart not pumping enough blood. It can also be caused by too many of the veins getting to big which can happen from certain drugs, bacteria, or emotional stress.

tissue damage caused by things like heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight or nuclear radiation. 1st Degree  outer layer of skin is affected.  Sun burn is a common example. 2nd Degree  Involves the outer layer of skin and Dermis (the skin under the outer layer.) Sunburn that causes blistering is a common example. 3rd Degree  damage or destruction of the all skin and damage or destruction to the tissues found under the skin. 15% Burns in adults (10% in children) need transfusion or saline iv due to loss of plasma from burns. Burns are easily infected. This can be treated by antibiotics. Third Degree burns usually need skin grafting.

This is a general overall description of anything that affects the well being of the physical individual that is caused by heat. In most cases it is dehydration.

Come from losing to much salt. Heat Cramps cause pain in the muscle from exposure to heat. Arm, leg and stomach muscles are normally affected.

Caused by not enough salt or water remaining in the body. Things you will see with heat exhaustion are sweating, headache, tingling in hands or feet, pale skin, having a hard time breathing, heart doesn't beat as usual, not being hungry, sick to stomach, or vomiting (to throw up). Further affects may be shaking, not able to focus, weakness, loosing consciousness (falling asleep without meaning to). The skin may be cool and moist. The heart beat may be 120200 beats per minute. The blood pressure may be below normal.

This can cause death. Things to look for are, weakness, doesn't make sense, sick to stomach, vomiting, and warm skin. Can progress through the first categories mentioned or happen all of the sudden. May collapse, go into coma (state of unconscious which one cannot be revived from), go into convulsions (uncontrollable violent shaking). A sign is a temperature of 106 degrees F and 41 degrees C. Once someone suffers a heat injury it is likely they will suffer from one again.

 Tissue damage directly related to cold. Following are several classifications.

Caused from exposure to temperatures just above freezing in highly humid climates.

When in water below fifty degrees F for more than 12 hours.

 Three days exposure of freezing temperatures to fifty degrees F will cause this. Likely from standing or walking for more than three days.

The freezing of tissues usually from twenty degrees F. Usually the hands feet nose and ears and face are first affected. Some of the Following are Classifications of Frost Bite.

 Skin is pale tingling, stinging, and has dull ache. Tingling stops and skin turns red. There may be a flaking of the skin and blisters may appear.

 If care is not taken from Superficial Frostbite this may be the result. Skin feels hardened. It is colored grayish or yellow with a waxy appearance. If there is sufficient death of tissue a limb may have to be amputated.

 At negative twenty down to negative eighty degrees F frostbite may be instantaneous to exposed flesh. When you no longer feel the flesh you might feel a warm sensation. These are the warming signs of Frostbite.

 When the body cools below normal temperatures. About ninety five degrees F is considered below normal. Shivering, numbness and shallow breathing are early signs. Later muscles will become stiff. Mental confusion is next leading to unconsciousness and finally death. Cold injury may happen slowly.

 Anything that punctures the fascia (connective tissues connecting formative layers of various thickness) of the abdomen. For now the Author is only dealing with puncture wounds. Later this section will be advanced. However some notes to follow. Think of the fascia as a super strong rubber band that surrounds major organs of various systems. To cut through fascia one has to go through the skin and separate the muscle to find the fascia.

 Any injury to the chest. (for this purpose it will generally be a puncture wound.

Any injury to the head. This may not always be as apparent as blunt trauma may not always leave visible marks.